Listening report: Symphony No. 89 in F major

Listening report: Symphony No. 89 in F major I thought about few of the many song I know to write a report on, but I was not sure what which song was a right one. All the songs I know are short and do not last longer than fifteen minutes. So I decided to choose a symphony from Franz Joseph Haydn because he has composed over a hundred symphonies and he is known as the â€Å"Father of Symphony†. Symphony number 89 would was a random but great choice I made to write my listening report on, because I was simply born in the year 89. My report is base on all four movements of Symphony No. 89 in F Major. The entire symphony is about nineteen minutes long and remains peaceful and pleasing in all four movements. The first movement of Symphony No. 89 in F major starts with a vivace tempo meaning playing lively and fast. In fact forte staccato chords are played followed a piano melody. For me these melodies sound very peaceful and enjoyable. Just the start of this music piece, I can simply imagine this symphony being played and people dancing on a 1800s high social class celebration. In fact, I think is the mixed of high (treble clef) keys being played throughout entire movement makes the whole movement sound pleasing and a perfect combination for a symphony and to use it as a recording for any (high loyalty social class) special occasion or event. At approximately 3 minutes and 16 seconds of the movement, the theme starts to change, and I was able to hear the drum(s) played rapidly for a couple of seconds with other instruments. This change in melody is so great to hear because of the vibrations the instruments make. This approach introduces the new theme and makes the theme sound quieter tha n the first theme. Later on recapitulation, the music stays in tonic, but the themes are being developed. The music near the end makes the movement end with mystery music in which instruments are vibrating on certain times. Movement two of Symphony No. 89 starts an andante tempo with â€Å"con moto† meaning with motion. I found out that this movement is in a siciliano style that is part of the Baroque period. The movement starts with a slow beats, and throughout the movement remains calm. This movement I characterized as being relaxing. Besides, at approximately 2 minutes and 48 seconds the melody builds into a rapid and vibrated sound. This sound change continues for two or three times and has an effect on the ending of this movement. The rest of this movement continues to be calm, smooth, and quiet, but with different types of keys. In fact, this effect The third movement of this Symphony is played with minuet tempo. The movement starts with a sound that sounds like birds singing (like they want food or something else) but with different tone and not with high (treble clef) keys. This movement also remains calm but with different melody and with greater percentage of being enjoyable and to be dance on a special event. Besides, this movement is played with the wind band alone and is followed by a solo flute during the trio. The flute makes the rest of the movement to be pleasant with whole movement music to be effective in the way that music sounds with a humorous and amusing ending. Last but not least, the fourth movement is a total impressive finale. It is a concerto that has been extended to a rondo (in the ABACA form) plus an extended coda for this symphony. This movement was written to in a vivacetempo with assaimeaning quite fast. In fact, the sound or music for this movement is also calm and quietly but with speed. The whole movement has effective dynamics that makes the music remain continues throughout the end of the movement, and with constant keys that are used to show how the music can still have an impressive and extraordinary ending. In summary, all four movements have a peaceful and quiet sound that makes Symphony No. 89 to be calm and effective but with special particular keys. It is the use of F major keys that makes the music to have high (treble clef) keys, powerful and significant melodies as well as harmonious dynamics. I personally think Haydn Symphony No. 89 is one of the best symphonies I have heard. Is obvious that this symphony is nothing compared to Beethovens symphony no. 5. I think this symphony is somewhat opposite to Beethovens Symphony No. 5. Unlike any other symphony there is, this symphony creates a peaceful environment full with stimulating melodies and tone. All four movements were great to hear, and I think I would tried to listen to this symphony again whenever I can, especially, when I need to tranquilly go to sleep/rest for a pleasurable, and satisfying dream. Family Structure and Labour Market Comparison: UK and China Family Structure and Labour Market Comparison: UK and China China and the UK are the important developing and developed country respectively. However, China has 9.6 million square kilometres of land area and the world’s biggest population, which is very different from the UK. Therefore, in terms of demography, there are many differences between the two countries. In this essay, the similarities and differences of family structure and labour market will be compared and evaluated between China and the UK. First of all, this essay will focus on the similarities between the family structure and the labour market, then analyze their differences, before suggest reasons and consequences for them. When it comes to family structure, there are two similarities between China and the UK. The first similarity is that both China and Britain’s birth rates are below the world average. According to Central Intelligence Agency (2014) China’s birth rate is 12.17†° and the UK’s is 12.22†° while the world average is 18.7†°. Another similarity is that, in terms of divorce, infidelity is the second main reason for divorce both in China and the UK. The Daily Post (2005) reveals that â€Å" the next biggest factor was infidelity, an issue for 30% of the 546 divorcees in the YouGov poll†, while Chen weihua (2006) also reports about divorce in China, which points out that 27% divorce because of infidelity and it just follows the reason of incompatibility. However, there are also two differences between China and the UK. First of all, the number of dependent children in family is different, and the UK’s tends to be bigger than China’s. According to the Office for National Statistics (2013, p.3), the UK’s average number of dependent children per family is 1.7 in 2012. In contrast to this, according to the police of family planning in China, a couple can have 1.5 children on average in the mainland. As the fact that not everyone prefers to have a child or is able to have one, the actual number is lower than that. It is easy to be discovered that China’s families have fewer children than the UK’s. The second difference is that Chinese family size is bigger than the UK’s. The ONS (2013) released that in 2013 the UK’s family size was 2.4 people per household on average. With regard to China, the number was 3.02 (The National Health and Family Planning Council, 2014). The causes of above distinctions can be divided into three aspects. To begin with, different cultures contribute to these distinctions. British aspire to independence and freedom. However, Chinese family prefer to live together. The second reason is the one-child police in China, which results in a sharp decrease in the number of children. The fact is supported by Guo (2014, cited in Howden Zhou, 2014, p.354) and Lu (2013, cited in Howden Zhou, 2014, p.354), who estimated that â€Å"the 1CP prevented 400 million births between 1979 and 2009, almost 25 per cent of China’s present population.† Finally, different pension modes impact on the family structure of China and the UK. As British social security system is very sound, the elderly need not to live with their children to contain the living standards. Conversely, Chinese elderly people are supported by families. It limits the independence of the elderly and brings pressure on young couples, which in turn make them t end to have fewer children to reduce this stress. There comes to be some consequences of these differences. First of all, the decrease in the number of children helps to promote the position of Chinese women. Gender plays a significant role in traditional Chinese family structure, as the male have more discourse power in the family. However, Fong (2002, cited in Feng et al., 2014, p.21) indicates that the circumstance transforms when the only child is a daughter. There is no other choice for only-daughter Chinese families and they have to cultivate the only daughters the same as sons, which makes a contribution to equality between sexes in both personal development and marital relations. On the other hand, it also brings drawbacks. Only children are usually spoiled, unlike the UK’s families, most Chinese families will meet all the requirements of the only child. As a consequence, only children often behave selfish and lack of self-care ability, which is very harmful to their long-term development. Lastly, Chinese are easy to worry about the future, whereas British need not to think much about the old age. Chinese face to strong pressure of life and have to work hard to improve their living standards, Having considered family structure, now I will move on to labour market. In aspect of labour market, the similarities come to be two. Firstly, in China and Britain, personal income tax additional rates are the same. According to GOV.UK (2014), the income tax additional rate is 45% from 6 April 2014 to 5 April 2015. Although China and the UK’s personal income tax thresholds are different, both of their additional rates are 45%. Furthermore, the second similarity is approximate social security rates for employees. In China it is 11% while in the UK it comes to be 12%, which is very close to China’s. In addition to the similarities, there are two differences. Initially, China has a bigger labour force population than the UK. According to Casale and Zhu (2013), at the beginning of 2012, China had 764 million population in employment. With regard to the UK, the number of employment was 30.79 million (ONS,2014). Another difference is protection for workers. There is little workers’ hurt in the UK, whereas China has many reports about hurt and injustice for workers. For example, since January 23, 2010 to November 5, 2010, Foxconn, the worlds biggest contract electronics supplier, had occurred 14 suicide incidents, which shocked the whole China, and some media outlets said that pressure was to blame. Two reasons for these differences will be analysed. The main reasons for these distinctions are due to the different population and socio-economic development status. Initially, one of the main reasons is different population. The total population of Chinese mainland was about 1.34 billion, whereas the UK’s population was 64.1 million (ONS, 2014). Enormous population disparities lead to a huge difference in labor market scales between the two countries. A further reason comes to be different social and economic development status. The UK is a mature developed country whereas China is a developing country with many aspects imperfect. Economic profits are focused on while workers’ rights, which should be taken into consideration, are ignored. These differences in labour market also bring three different influences on people’s lives in the two countries. One of the effects is the different labour cost. China’s labour cost is obviously lower than the UK’s. British are reluctant to do physical labour. For example, in China, if a customer buy the floor, the shop usually is responsible for free installation, when it comes to the UK, the installation fees may be more expensive than the floor itself. Another influence on employees is working hours. Chinese people tend to work for longer time than British, as supported by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2013), who resealed that Chinese worked 2209 hours per year on average in 2009, while in the same year the British annual working time was 1651 hours. The fierce competition makes Chinese work hard under great stress. The last impact is gender discrimination and it becomes a problem in China that female candidates are treated unfairly. As recruiters have bigger options, if they can choose a man, they will not select a woman, because women may need maternity leave in the future. In this essay, the similarities and differences of family structure and labour market are indicated between China and the UK. These differences are caused by many aspects, which vary in societies, economy, culture and laws. By analyzing these differences, some disadvantages in China’s development have been discovered. In terms of one- child police and labour protected, much work should be done to reduce the negative effects and protect the interests of vulnerable groups.

Salem Witchcraft Essays -- History Witches Papers

Salem Witchcraft Witchcraft accusations and trials in 1692 rocked the colony of Salem Massachusetts. There are some different views that are offered concerning why neighbors decided to condemn the people around them as witches and why they did what they did to one another. Carol Karlsen in her book The Devil in the Shape of a Woman and Bernard Rosenthal in Salem Story give several factors, ranging from woman hunting to shear malice, that help explain why the Salem trials took place and why they reached the magnitude that they did. The theories put fourth by Karlsen of a society that accusations against women as witches explain the trail, and Rosenthals ideas of discourse in the community are supported or partially disproved by the documents that are presented by Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum. The different motivations and reasons for witch accusations are exhibited in the fitting the profile of a witch, the belief in the accusers and guilt by association, the actions of the Putnam family , and the disagreements and discourse in the community. The trial of Bridget Bishop shows how people who fit the general profile of a witch can be accused. Karlsen points out that Bridget Bishop had been previously accused of witchcraft in the 1680’s the decade before the trials.1 People who where accused of witchcraft where generally suspected of being witches before they are brought to trial. Because of her prior accusation the idea that Bridget Bishop could be a witch is in the mind of the community. Because of the prior accusation Bishop is a prime candidate to be accused again and a prime suspect whenever witchcraft is suspected in the community. Bridget Bishop was brought to court on witchcraft charges in Febr... ...issenbaum (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1972), 204. 18. Rosenthal, 3. 19. Rosenthal, 192. 20. â€Å"Anti-Parris Petition (1695),† in Salem-Village Witchcraft, Paul Boyer, and Stephen Nissenbaum (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1972), 261-263. 21. â€Å"The first day of October, 1686,† in Salem-Village Witchcraft, Paul Boyer, and Stephen Nissenbaum (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1972), 341. 22. â€Å"The 27th of December, 1681,† in Salem-Village Witchcraft, Paul Boyer, and Stephen Nissenbaum (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1972), 321. Works Cited: Boyer, Paul, and Nissenbaum, Paul. Salem-Village Witchcraft. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1972. Karlsen, Carol. The Devil in the Shape of a Woman. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1998. Rosenthal, Bernard. Salem Story. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Moral Philosophy & Sport – Hockey Violence

Karen Kyung Fuhrmann – PHL376H1S – February 15, 2013 Fist Fight: The NHL Doesn’t Need Goons Introduction Fighting in NHL hockey is illegitimate; it is not an essential part of the game and is merely gratuitous violence. There is no need for a â€Å"goon† on the roster of any hockey team, and fighting should be prohibited in the NHL.This paper will make the above argument in three parts: the first part of the paper will show that such gratuitous violence is not a necessary component of the structure of the game; the second part will show the counter argument for the legitimation of such violence; and the third part will provide a refutation of the counter argument. Fighting is Illegitimate in NHL Hockey The reason why fighting is illegitimate in NHL hockey is that it is gratuitous violence.Such violence is illegitimate as it gives rise to what Jim Parry calls a genuine moral problem, which occurs â€Å"when violence exceeds what is necessary for its succes s, whether used instrumentally or not† (210). In hockey, the primary aim is to score the most goals to win and fighting does not contribute significantly to that aim. There are other forms of hockey, like pond hockey or pick-up hockey, which do not include fighting.Fighting in NHL hockey is a mere consequence of a dominant model of competition, where external rewards can only be won by one party at the loss of others (McMurtry 205); this is translated into the commercial model of NHL hockey, and according to McMurtry, â€Å"†¦well-known and systematic pathologies of competitive conflict – violence, cheating†¦ and so on – are a law-like consequence of the dominant structure of competition and not a problem of competition as such† (201).In submerged and free models of competition, however, such pathologies do not occur (or as often) as in dominant models, because there are no ‘zero-sum’ rewards (external rewards that only benefit one p arty at the expense of others) to motivate pathological behaviour like fighting. Fighting is thus an inessential part of the hockey game. It is merely a negative effect of the dominant model of competition. The benefits of fighting (such as intimidation) do not outweigh its disadvantages (such as serious physical injury and wasting time) for ecuring victory – such violence exceeds what is needed to succeed and is a genuine moral problem. Counter Argument Fighting occurs to deter future illegal assaults from the opposing team and helps keep more dangerous play at bay. First of all, fighting serves as an informal mode of social control, because it is near impossible for a referee to view most illegal assaults (like cross-checking, spearing, etc. ) that occur around corners, nets, or when an official’s back is turned; especially with the speed and continuous play of hockey (Colburn 168).Colburn asserts that â€Å"†¦to accommodate both these conditions of the game an d also the demand for hard-hitting, contact type of sport, rule-enforcement in ice hockey has, to a greater degree than in any other major sport, been partially delegated to individual players† (Colburn168). Moreover, fighting serves as a deterrent for more serious assaults (with hockey sticks, and etc. ), as they give rise to intimidation and give enforcers a mental advantage over opposing players. Players view fighting as more honourable than illegitimate assaults (a. k. a. heap shots), and fighting directly calls out such occurrences. Unlike cheap shots, there are implicit standards for fighting known as â€Å"the code†. Such standards for fighting affirm that only two players are allowed to fight at a given time, both players must give some form of consent to fighting, and both players must drop their gloves. It is a misunderstanding that fighting in the NHL is gratuitous violence and Colburn states that â€Å"†¦formal rules of ice hockey do not coincide with the informal, social norms held by players as these pertain to the definition of violence† (156).Refutation Fighting does not help prevent more serious injuries from occurring/recurring, and the issue of accurate surveillance by referees can be remedied by removal from the game and future game suspensions. A 2012 article in the Canadian Medical Association stated that research from Boston University School of Medicine has shown that repeated head trauma can lead to permanent brain damage, and claimed that hockey enforcers are especially vulnerable with their consistent fighting. What researchers†¦ have found in the brains of three prominent hockey players – Rick Martin, Reggie Fleming and Bob Probert – should be enough to sway minds to impose a ban on all forms of intentional head trauma, including fighting, along with severe deterrent penalties such as lengthy suspensions for breaches† (Kale 275). With fighting and other intentional head hits, hockey has now been listed as a sport that results in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is associated with memory disturbances, behavioural and personality changes, Parkinsonism, and speech and gait abnormalities (Kale 275).Moreover, players often overestimate the level of protection their face masks and helmets offer. This can be a contributing factor to cheap shots and reckless play, which in turn leads to fighting. These factors reveal that fighting merely contributes insult to injury. Conclusion Overall, fighting does not have a legitimate place in NHL hockey and thinking otherwise can lead to serious injury for all involved parties. Harsher penalties for illegal assaults and fighting should be implemented for both of them to stop occurring (immediate removal and future game suspension) and remove any gratuitous violence from NHL hockey.Sources Colburn, Kenneth Jr. â€Å"Honor, ritual and violence in ice hockey. † Canadian Journal of Sociology. 10. 2 (1985). 153-168. W eb. Juhn, Mark, et al. â€Å"Violence and Injury in Ice Hockey. † Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 12 (2002):46-51. Web. Kale, Rajendra. â€Å"Stop the violence and play hockey. † Canadian Medical Association Journal. 184. 3 (2012): 275. Web. McMurtry, John. â€Å"How Competition Goes Wrong. † Journal of Applied Philosophy. 8. 2 (1991) 201-210. Web. Parry, Jim. â€Å"Violence and aggression in contemporary sport. † Ethics and Sport. Ed. Mike McNamee. London: E & FN Spon, 1998. 205-224. Web.

Morality Of War And Peace - 1709 Words

Kirsten Young ID#: 817086784 Phil 340 Morality of War and Peace Exam #1 For Aquinas, there are three conditions for Just War. The first is that the war must be declared by authority of a head of state or a proper authority. The requirement for a war to be declared comes from the Roman law. There is no specific time limit between hostile activities and the declaration, but the act of declaring war does invite the second party to the pending hostilities for the opportunity to offer redress in lieu of war. An aggrieving nation must have refused to render the satisfaction to proceed with a just war. War is not a last resort, but the cause of war cannot be considered just unless the aggrieved party has first tendered the opportunity for a peaceful settlement and been refused. War becomes a means of sanction for some injury received in those cases where there is no alternative means seeking redress. The second of Aquinas conditions for a just war is for a proportionally good reason or just cause. If one can seek redress from some higher authority, then one is not justified in resorting to violence. Aquinas states that the natural order conducive to peace among mortals demands that the power to declare and counsel war should be in the hands of those who hold the supreme authority. States have no common weal against internal disturbances, meaning that it is their business to have recourses to the sword of war in defending the common weal against external enemies. Lastly,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Kant1684 Words   |  7 PagesImmanuel Kant Immanuel Kant was a man before his time. His philosophies, as outlined in Perpetual Peace, paved the way for modern political relations. Unbeknownst to his day and age, his insights were a revelation. They were seeds planted and left unsewn for 120 years. 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